MSI MS-9282 Especificações descarregar pdf (Página 9)

programmers observed that using the BIOS video services for graphics display was very slow. To
increase the speed of screen output, many programs bypassed the BIOS and programmed the video
display hardware directly. Other graphics programmers, particularly but not exclusively in the
demoscene, observed that there were technical capabilities of the PC display adapters that were not
supported by the IBM BIOS and could not be taken advantage of without circumventing it. Since the
AT-compatible BIOS ran in Intel real mode, operating systems that ran in protected mode on 286 and
later processors required hardware device drivers compatible with protected mode operation to replace
BIOS services.
In modern personal computers running modern operating systems the BIOS is used only during
booting and initial loading of system software. Before the operating system's first graphical screen is
displayed, input and output are typically handled through BIOS. A boot menu such as the textual menu
of Windows, which allows users to choose an operating system to boot, to boot into the safe mode, or
to use the last known good configuration, is displayed through BIOS and receives keyboard input
through BIOS.
However, it is also important to note that modern PCs can still boot and run legacy operating systems
such as MS-DOS or DR-DOS that rely heavily on BIOS for their console and disk I/O. Thus, while not
as central as they once were, the BIOS services are still important.
Processor microcode updates
Intel processors have reprogrammable microcode since the P6 microarchitecture.
[11][12]
 The BIOS may
contain patches to the processor microcode that fix errors in the initial processor microcode;
reprogramming is not persistent, thus loading of microcode updates is performed each time the system
is powered up. Without reprogrammable microcode, an expensive processor swap would be
required;
[13]
 for example, the Pentium FDIV bug became an expensive fiasco for Intel as it required a
product recall because the original Pentium processor's defective microcode could not be
reprogrammed.
Identification
Some BIOSes contain a "SLIC" (software licensing description table), a digital signature placed inside
the BIOS by the manufacturer, for example Dell. (It is often casually called a BIOS tattoo or a tattooed
BIOS.) This SLIC is inserted in the ACPI table and contains no active code.
Computer manufacturers that distribute OEM versions of Microsoft Windows and Microsoft
application software can use the SLIC to authenticate licensing to the OEM Windows Installation disk
and system recovery disc containing Windows software. Systems having a SLIC can be preactivated
with an OEM product key, and they verify an XML formatted OEM certificate against the SLIC in the
BIOS as a means of self-activating (see System Locked Preinstallation). If a user performs a fresh
install of Windows, they will need to have possession of both the OEM key and the digital certificate
for their SLIC in order to bypass activation; in practice this is extremely unlikely and hence the only
real way this can be achieved is if the user performs a restore using a pre-customised image provided
by the OEM. Cracks for non-genuine Windows distributions usually edit the SLIC or emulate it in
order to bypass Windows activation.
Modern use
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